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| Country | Qatar | | | Flag |  | | | Capital | name: Doha geographic coordinates: 25 17 N, 51 32 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) | | | Population | 907,229 (July 2007 est.) | | | GMT | +3 | | | Location | Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
see map | | | Area | total: 11,437 sq km land: 11,437 sq km water: 0 sq km | | | Ethnic groups | Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% | | | Religions | Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census) | | | Languages | Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language | | | Government type | emirate | | | National holiday | Independence Day, 3 September (1971) | | | Constitution | ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005 | | | Legal system | discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters | | | Background | Ruled by the al-Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. | | Internet country code | .qa | |
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