| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine |
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| Geographic coordinates | 46 00 N, 25 00 E |
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| Zone | Europe |
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| Area | total: 237,500 sq km
land: 230,340 sq km
water: 7,160 sq km |
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| Land boundaries | total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km |
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| Coastline | 225 km |
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| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
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| Climate | temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
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| Terrain | central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m |
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| Natural resources | petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
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| Irrigated land | 225 km |
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| Natural hazards | earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
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Environment -
current issues | soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands |
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Environment -
international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Geography - note | controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine |
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