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| Location | Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands | | | Geographic coordinates | 50 50 N, 4 00 E | | | Zone | Europe | | | Area | total: 30,528 sq km
land: 30,278 sq km
water: 250 sq km | | | Land boundaries | total: 1,385 km
border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km | | | Coastline | 66.5 km | | | Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limit
continental shelf: median line with neighbors | | | Climate | temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy | | | Terrain | flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast | | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: North Sea 0 m
highest point: Signal de Botrange 694 m | | | Natural resources | construction materials, silica sand, carbonates | | | Irrigated land | 66.5 km | | | Natural hazards | flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes | | Environment -
current issues | the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) have slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges | | Environment -
international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | | Geography - note | crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO | |
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