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| Location | Central Asia, west of China | | | Geographic coordinates | 41 00 N, 75 00 E | | | Zone | Asia | | | Area | total: 198,500 sq km
land: 191,300 sq km
water: 7,200 sq km | | | Land boundaries | total: 3,878 km
border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km | | | Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | | | Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | | | Climate | dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone | | | Terrain | peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation | | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m | | | Natural resources | abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc | | | Irrigated land | 0 km (landlocked) | | | Natural hazards | NA | | Environment -
current issues | water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices | | Environment -
international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | | Geography - note | landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes | |
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