| Location | Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea |
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| Geographic coordinates | 15 00 N, 30 00 E |
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| Zone | Africa |
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| Area | total: 2,505,810 sq km
land: 2.376 million sq km
water: 129,810 sq km |
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| Land boundaries | total: 7,687 km
border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km |
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| Coastline | 853 km |
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| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
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| Climate | tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
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| Terrain | generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m |
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| Natural resources | petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower |
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| Irrigated land | 853 km |
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| Natural hazards | dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
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Environment -
current issues | inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought |
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Environment -
international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Geography - note | largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries |
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