| Location | Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon |
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| Geographic coordinates | 10 00 N, 8 00 E |
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| Zone | Africa |
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| Area | total: 923,768 sq km
land: 910,768 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km |
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| Land boundaries | total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km |
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| Coastline | 853 km |
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| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
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| Climate | varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |
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| Terrain | southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m |
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| Natural resources | natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land |
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| Irrigated land | 853 km |
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| Natural hazards | periodic droughts; flooding |
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Environment -
current issues | soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization |
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Environment -
international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Geography - note | the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea |
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